The Labor Code of the Philippines
Presidential Decree No. 442
Basaen ti Labor Code iti website ti DOLE (daan pay ti article numbers sadiay, sakbay ti 2015)
Ania dagiti probision a nailawlawag iti nalaka a sasao?
Title Preliminary: Preliminary Title
Book 3: CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT
Title I: WORKING CONDITIONS AND REST PERIODS
Chapter I: HOURS OF WORK
- Article 82: Siasino ti sakupen dagiti pagalagadan ti orasThe provisions of this Title shall apply to employees in all establishments and undertakings whether for profit or not, but not to…
- Article 83: Kadawyan nga oras ti trabaho: walo nga oras iti aldawThe normal hours of work of any employee shall not exceed eight (8) hours a day. Health personnel in cities and municipalities with a…
- Article 84: Hours workedHours worked shall include (a) all time during which an employee is required to be on duty or to be at a prescribed workplace; and (b) all…
- Article 85: Meal periodSubject to such regulations as the Secretary of Labor may prescribe, it shall be the duty of every employer to give his employees not less…
- Article 86: Night shift differentialEvery employee shall be paid a night shift differential of not less than ten percent (10%) of his regular wage for each hour of work…
- Article 87: Overtime a trabahoWork may be performed beyond eight (8) hours a day provided that the employee is paid for the overtime work, an additional compensation…
- Article 88: Saan a mabalin a pagsukaten ti undertime ken overtimeUndertime work on any particular day shall not be offset by overtime work on any other day. Permission given to the employee to go on…
- Article 89: Overtime iti emergencyAny employee may be required by the employer to perform overtime work in any of the following cases: (a) When the country is at war or…
Chapter II: WEEKLY REST PERIODS
- Article 91: Karbengan iti linawas a rest day(a) It shall be the duty of every employer, whether operating for profit or not, to provide each of his employees a rest period of not…
- Article 92: Kaano a mabalin a kiddawen ti trabaho iti rest dayThe employer may require his employees to work on any day: (a) In case of actual or impending emergencies caused by serious accident,…
- Article 93: Bayad iti trabaho iti rest day, Domingo wenno holiday(a) Where an employee is made or permitted to work on his scheduled rest day, he shall be paid an additional compensation of at least…
Chapter III: HOLIDAYS, SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVES, AND SERVICE CHARGES
- Article 94: Karbengan iti holiday pay(a) Every worker shall be paid his regular daily wage during regular holidays, except in retail and service establishments regularly…
- Article 95: Service incentive leave(a) Every employee who has rendered at least one year of service shall be entitled to a yearly service incentive leave of five days with…
- Article 96: Panagbibingay ti service chargesNaamyendaanAll service charges collected by hotels, restaurants and similar establishments shall be distributed completely and equally among the…
Title II: WAGES
Chapter II: MINIMUM WAGE RATES
- Article 99: Minimum wage kada rehionNaamyendaanThe minimum wage rates for agricultural and non-agricultural employees and workers in each and every region of the country shall be those…
- Article 100: Maiparit ti panangikkat wenno panangkissay iti benefitsNothing in this Book shall be construed to eliminate or in any way diminish supplements, or other employee benefits being enjoyed at the…
Chapter III: PAYMENT OF WAGES
- Article 102: Kasano ti panagbayad iti sueldoNo employer shall pay the wages of an employee by means of promissory notes, vouchers, coupons, tokens, tickets, chits, or any object…
- Article 103: Tiempo ti panagbayadWages shall be paid at least once every two (2) weeks or twice a month at intervals not exceeding sixteen (16) days. If on account of…
- Article 106: Contractor wenno subcontractorWhenever an employer enters into a contract with another person for the performance of the former’s work, the employees of the contractor…
- Article 109: Solidary liability ti contractor ken principalThe provisions of existing laws to the contrary notwithstanding, every employer or indirect employer shall be held responsible with his…
- Article 110: Umuna dagiti trabahador no ma-bankrupt ti negosioNaamyendaanIn the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of an employer’s business, his workers shall enjoy first preference as regards their wages and…
- Article 111: Attorney's fees kadagiti kaso ti sueldo(a) In cases of unlawful withholding of wages, the culpable party may be assessed attorney’s fees equivalent to ten percent of the amount…
Chapter IV: PROHIBITIONS REGARDING WAGES
- Article 113: Dagiti bawas iti sueldoNo employer, in his own behalf or in behalf of any person, shall make any deduction from the wages of his employees, except: (a) In cases…
- Article 116: Awan ti panangiggem iti sueldo, awan ti kickbackIt shall be unlawful for any person, directly or indirectly, to withhold any amount from the wages of a worker or induce him to give up…
Chapter V: WAGE STUDIES, WAGE AGREEMENTS, AND WAGE DETERMINATION
Title III: WORKING CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL GROUPS OF EMPLOYEES
Chapter I: EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN
- Article 134 [136]: Stipulation a maibusor iti panagasawaIt shall be unlawful for an employer to require as a condition of employment or continuation of employment that a woman employee shall not…
- Article 135 [137]: Maiparit nga aramid kontra kadagiti babai nga empleadoIt shall be unlawful for any employer: (1) To deny any woman employee the benefits provided for in this Chapter or to discharge any woman…
Book 4: HEALTH, SAFETY AND SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS
Title II: EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION AND STATE INSURANCE FUND
Book 5: LABOR RELATIONS
Title II: NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION
Chapter II: POWERS AND DUTIES
Title III: BUREAU OF LABOR RELATIONS
Title VI: UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
Title VIII: STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS AND FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT IN TRADE UNION ACTIVITIES
Book 6: POST-EMPLOYMENT
Title I: TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
- Article 294 [279]: Security of tenureNaamyendaanIn cases of regular employment, the employer shall not terminate the services of an employee except for a just cause or when authorized by…
- Article 295 [280]: Regular ken casual employmentThe provisions of written agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and regardless of the oral agreement of the parties, an employment…
- Article 296 [281]: Probationary employmentProbationary employment shall not exceed six (6) months from the date the employee started working, unless it is covered by an…
- Article 297 [282]: Termination babaen ti employer: just causesAn employer may terminate an employment for any of the following causes: (a) Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of…
- Article 298 [283]: Closure ken reduction of personnelThe employer may also terminate the employment of any employee due to the installation of labor-saving devices, redundancy, retrenchment…
- Article 299 [284]: Sakit kas rason ti terminationAn employer may terminate the services of an employee who has been found to be suffering from any disease and whose continued employment…
- Article 300 [285]: Termination babaen ti empleado: resignation(a) An employee may terminate without just cause the employee-employer relationship by serving a written notice on the employer at least…
- Article 301 [286]: No saan a maipatingga ti panagtrabaho: floating statusThe bona fide suspension of the operation of a business or undertaking for a period not exceeding six (6) months, or the fulfillment by…
Book 7: TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Ania dagiti saludsod maipapan iti Labor Code a nasungbatan ditoy?
- Adda Kadi Overtime Pay dagiti Manager ken Field Worker?Siasino ti saan a sakup ti overtime ken ti hours-of-work rules segun iti Article 82 ti Labor Code: managers, managerial staff, field personnel ken dadduma.
- Bayadan Kadi ti Meal Break iti Pilipinas?Bayadan kadi ti lunch break iti Pilipinas? Ti maysa nga oras a meal period, no kaano a bayadan ti 20 a minuto a break, coffee break, ken desision idi 2022.
- Ania ti Mapasamak no Ag-AWOL-ak?Ti AWOL iti Pilipinas ket mabalin a pakaikkatam gapu iti abandonment, ngem no awan laeng ti umiso a rason ken nalawag a panggep nga agsardeng. Ti linteg.
- Mabalin Kadi a Maikkat ti Probationary Employee?Mabalin kadi a maikkatka bayat ti probation? Gapu laeng iti just cause wenno no saanmo a nadanon ti standard nga imbaga idi naalaka. Ti 6-month rule.
- Mabalin Kadi a Baliwan ti Employer ti Iskedyul wenno Shift-mo?Kaano a mabalin a baliwan ti employer ti oras, shift wenno rest day-mo babaen ti management prerogative, limitana, ken no kaano a constructive dismissal.
- Mabalin Kadi nga Agbawas ti Employer iti Sueldom?Dagiti legal a bawas iti sueldo iti Pilipinas segun iti Article 113 ti Labor Code, apay a naisubli ti cash bond iti dua a kaso, ken sadino ti pagreklamuan.
- Mabalin Kadi nga Iparit ti Employer ti Panagasawa ti Empleado?Mabalin kadi nga iparit ti kompania ti panagasawa wenno ti panagasawa iti katrabaho? Article 134 [136] ti Labor Code, no-spouse policy, business necessity.
- Mabalin Kadi nga Ikkaten ti Employer dagiti Benepisio a Maal-alam?Ti non-diminution rule iti Pilipinas: no kaano a ti bonus, allowance wenno sabali a benepisio ket agbalin a company practice a saanen a maikkat.
- Mabalin Kadi nga Ibilin ti Employer nga Ag-overtime-ka?Maipilit kadi ti overtime? Article 89 ti Labor Code: dagiti kaso, overtime pay a saan a kumurang ngem 25% a nayon, ken no kaano ti agkedked.
- Mabalin Kadi a Dusaennaka ti Employer gapu iti Labor Complaint?Saan a mabalin a bawasan ti employer ti sueldo, ikkaten wenno idumduma ti trabahador gapu iti labor complaint wenno testimonia: Articles 118 ken 259 [248].
- Mabalin Kadi nga Iyalisnaka ti Employer iti Sabali a Branch?Kaano a mabalin nga iyalis ti employer ti empleado iti Pilipinas: management prerogative, limitasionna, ken no kaano nga agbalin a constructive dismissal.
- Mabalin Kadi ti Ag-resign a Dagus nga Awan ti Notice?Mabalin kadi ti immediate resignation iti Pilipinas? Ipalubos ti Labor Code ti pumanaw nga awan notice gapu laeng iti uppat a just cause. Ania dagitoy?
- Mabalin Kadi nga Ikkatennaka gapu ta Agsakitka?Ti panagsakit laeng ket saan a rason ti dismissal. Kaano nga ipalubos ti Labor Code ti termination gapu iti sakit, ti certificate, ken separation pay.
- Mabalin Kadi a Maikkatka iti Trabaho gapu ta Nagsikogka?Apay nga illegal ti panangikkat iti babai gapu iti panagsikog segun iti Article 135 [137] ti Labor Code, ken ti kuna ti Leus no masikog sakbay ti kasar.
- Mabalin Kadi a Sapulen ti Employer ti Cash Bond wenno Deposit?Kaano a mabalin a sapulen ti employer ti cash bond wenno deposit segun iti Articles 113 ken 114 ti Labor Code, alagaden iti pukaw, ken kaso ti refund.
- Constructive Dismissal: No Kaano a ti Panag-resign ket PannakaikkatConstructive dismissal iti Pilipinas: no ti panangibaba, kissay ti sueldo wenno nadagsen a pannakatrato ket nailemmeng a dismissal, ken ti mabalin a maala.
- Endo ken Labor-Only Contracting: Regular Kadi Dagiti Agency Worker?Saan nga illegal ti panagala iti trabahador babaen ti agency; ti labor-only contracting ti illegal. Kaano a ti kompania ti pudno nga employer, ken ti DOLE.
- Naikkat nga Awan ti Notice? Ti Two-Notice Rule ken Nominal DamagesNaikkat nga awan notice iti Pilipinas? Ti two-notice rule, ti hearing, ken ti mapasamak no umiso ti dismissal ngem awan due process: nominal damages.
- Floating Status: Legal Kadi, ken Kasano Kalpasan ti 6 a Bulan?Legal kadi ti floating status? Agingga iti innem a bulan. Sa masapul nga awagannaka manen ti employer wenno ikkatennaka a husto nga addaan separation pay.
- Bayadan Kadi ti Waiting Time, On-Call Time wenno Training?Kaano a maibilang a mabayadan a hours worked ti waiting, on-call, ababa a break, trabaho kalpasan ti oras ken training segun iti Article 84 ti Labor Code.
- Kasano ti Ag-appeal iti Desision ti Labor Arbiter iti NLRCPanag-appeal iti desision ti Labor Arbiter iti NLRC: ti 10 nga aldaw a deadline, uppat a rason, appeal bond ti employer, ken reinstatement bayat ti appeal.
- Kasano ti Agidatag iti Labor Complaint: SEnA, DOLE ken NLRCKaaduan a labor complaint ket mangrugi iti 30 nga aldaw a mandatory conciliation iti SEnA desk ti DOLE. Sadino ti pangidatagan ken ania ti sumaruno.
- Illegal a Naikkat: Ania ti Maalam? Backwages ken ReinstatementIllegal a naikkat iti Pilipinas? Ited ti Labor Code ti reinstatement ken full backwages. Mabalin a separation pay ti ibilin ti korte, ken 6% interest.
- Saan a Nabayadan ti Agency Worker: Liable Kadi ti Client Company?Kaano a masapul a bayadan ti client company ti sueldo a saan a binayadan ti agency wenno contractor, segun iti Articles 106, 107 ken 109 ken ti Mariveles.
- Kalintegan ti Kasambahay iti Batas Kasambahay (RA 10361)Ania ti ited ti Batas Kasambahay: rest day, binulan a sueldo a kuarta, 13th month pay, 5 nga aldaw a leave, SSS, PhilHealth, Pag-IBIG, ken awan ti deposit.
- Panangpatingga iti Trabaho ti Kasambahay: Notice, Indemnity ken COEKasambahay iti RA 10361: umiso a rason, 5 nga aldaw a notice, 15 nga aldaw nga indemnity no di umiso ti pannakaikkat, forfeiture, COE iti 5 nga aldaw.
- Kasano Kabayag ti Panawenko nga Agidatag iti Claim para iti Sueldo?Dagiti money claim manipud iti trabaho ket maidatag iti uneg ti 3 a tawen manipud timmaud ti tunggal claim. Para iti sueldo, benepisio ken leave pay.
- Naladaw wenno Saan a Naibayad a Sueldo: Linteg ken PagreklamuanSaan a naibayad wenno naladaw a sueldo iti Pilipinas: DOLE conciliation, Regional Director iti bassit a claim, inspeksion, attorney's fees ken 3 a tawen.
- Maternity Leave: 105 nga Aldaw, Saan a Naasawaan nga Inna, PanagalisTunggal agtrabaho nga inna ket addaan iti 105 nga aldaw a maternity leave a full pay, naasawaan man wenno saan. Solo parent 120, panagalis 60. RA 11210.
- OFW nga Illegal a Naikkat: Sueldo para iti Nabati a KontrataTi OFW nga illegal a naikkat ket mabalinna a kiddawen ti sueldo iti amin a nabati a kontrata, saan laeng a tallo a bulan, segun iti Sameer ken Aldovino.
- Paternity Leave iti Pilipinas: 7 wenno 14 nga Aldaw?Naasawaan nga ama: 7 nga aldaw a paternity leave a full pay. Mabalin nga ited ti inna ti agingga iti 7 pay nga aldaw, uray saanda a naasawaan.
- Preventive Suspension: Kasano Kabayag?Preventive suspension iti Pilipinas: kaano nga usaren ti employer, ti 30 nga aldaw a limitasion, sueldo bayat ti extension, ken constructive dismissal.
- Project Employees: Kalintegan ken no Kaano nga Agbalin a RegularSiasino ti project employee iti Pilipinas, ania ti ibaga ti employer no ma-hire-ka, ken kaano nga agbalinka a regular gapu iti naulit a project work.
- Nagpirmaka iti Quitclaim: Mabalinmo Pay Kadi ti Agi-file iti Kaso?Kaano a valid ti quitclaim a pinirmaan ti empleado iti Pilipinas, dagiti uppat a requisite iti Goodrich (2010), kaano a maibasura, ken settlement iti SEnA.
- Kaano a Legal ti Strike iti Pilipinas?Kaano a legal ti strike segun iti Article 278 [263] ti Labor Code: umiso a rason, notice of strike, cooling-off period, strike vote, ken illegal a wagas.
- Masapul Kadi ti 30 nga Aldaw no Ag-resign-ak?Masapul kadi ti 30 days notice no ag-resign? Maysa a bulan a naisurat a notice ti kiddawen ti Labor Code. Ania ti mapasamak no pumanawka a nasapa.
- Mabalin Kadi a Pagtrabahuendaka iti Rest Day-mo?Rest day iti Pilipinas: 24 nga oras kalpasan ti innem nga aldaw a trabaho, rest day gapu iti relihion, no kaano a maibilin ti trabaho, ken premium pay.
- Retirement Pay iti Pilipinas: Siasino ti Kualipikado ken ManoRetirement pay segun iti Labor Code: edad 60 agingga 65, lima a tawen a serbisio, kagudua a bulan a sueldo iti tawen, mine workers, ken siasino ti exempt.
- Retrenchment ken Closure: Kaano a Legal Dagitoy?Retrenchment ken closure iti Pilipinas: pammaneknek ti pukaw, maysa a bulan a notice iti trabahador ken DOLE, separation pay, ken no adda nalaktawan.
- Seafarer Disability Claim: Dagiti Alagaden ti 120 ken 240 nga AldawKasano nga agandar ti 120 ken 240 nga aldaw iti seafarer disability claim segun iti Vergara (2008) ken Elburg (2015), ken ti paset ti Article 198 [192].
- Service Charge: Kasano a Masapul a Mabingay kadagiti Trabahador?Siasino ti makaala iti service charge iti hotel ken restaurant segun iti Article 96 ti Labor Code ken RA 11360: agpapada a bingay, awan manager, reklamo.
- Service Incentive Leave: 5 nga Aldaw a Paid Leave ken Cash ConversionKalpasan ti maysa a tawen, 5 nga aldaw a paid service incentive leave ti maala ti kaaduan a private employee. Siasino ti saan a karaman, cash ken claim.
- Solo Parent Leave: 7 a Working Days nga Addaan SueldoAgingga iti 7 a working days a paid parental leave iti tunggal tawen ti solo parent kalpasan ti 6 a bulan a serbisio. Masapul ti Solo Parent ID.
- Unfair Labor Practice: Dagiti Pagarigan ken KaipapanannaAnia ti unfair labor practice ti employer wenno union segun iti Articles 259 [248] ken 260 [249] ti Labor Code, pagarigan ken siasino ti mangikeddeng.
- Na-bankrupt ti Employer-mo: Kasano ti Saan a Nabayadan a Sueldo?Ti Article 110 ti Labor Code ken ti saan a nabayadan a sueldo no ma-bankrupt wenno ma-liquidate ti employer, ken apay a mabalin nga umuna ti mortgage.
- Ania Dagiti Umiso a Rason tapno Maikkat ti Empleado?Dagiti lima a just cause tapno maikkat ti empleado segun iti Article 297 ti Labor Code, siasino ti mangpaneknek, ken dagiti addang ti notice ti employer.
- VAWC Leave: 10 nga Aldaw a Paid Leave para iti Biktima ti ViolenceBiktima ti violence segun iti RA 9262? Agingga iti 10 nga aldaw a paid leave, nayon iti dadduma a leave. Siasino ti kualipikado ken rebbengen ti employer.
- Wage Distortion: No Ikkaten ti Umento ti Nagdumaan ti SueldoAnia ti wage distortion segun iti Article 124 ti Labor Code, uppat nga elemento iti Prubankers, ken kasano a maipalinteg adda man wenno awan ti union.
- Kaano nga Agbalin a Regular ti Empleado?Kaano nga agbalinka a regular employee iti Pilipinas: trabaho a kasapulan iti negosio, innem a bulan a probation, ken maysa a tawen a casual a serbisio.
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